A Level Biology Sample Questions VII

The cardiac cycle consists of three stages: atrial systole, ventricular systole and
..................................................................................... .
During atrial systole, the ..................................................................................... contract and the
 ..................................................................................... are relaxed. The ..................................................................................... valves are open.
During ventricular systole, the ..................................................................................... open as oxygenated blood is
forced out of the heart through the aorta to the body and through the pulmonary
 ..................................................................................... to the lungs.

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Messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) are important nucleic acids involved 

in the process of protein synthesis.

 (a) Describe how a molecule of mRNA is made during transcription.

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Molecules are transported across the cell membrane in a number of different ways.

 (a) Describe the structure of a cell membrane.

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Enzymes act as biological catalysts.

 Amylase is an enzyme present in saliva that catalyses the hydrolysis of starch into 

maltose.

 *(a) Describe the structure of starch.

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Explain the meaning of the following terms.

 (i) Catalyst

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There is evidence for a causal relationship between blood cholesterol levels and 

cardiovascular disease (CVD).

 (a) Explain the meaning of the term causal relationship.

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 Lipoproteins are composed of phospholipids, cholesterol and proteins.

 (i) Proteins are made up of amino acids. 

 Describe how amino acids join together to form the three-dimensional 

structure of a protein.

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Suggest two reasons for the overall change in high blood cholesterol as a risk 

factor.

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State two factors, other than obesity, high blood pressure and high blood 

cholesterol, that increase the risk of CVD.

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Cystic fibrosis and albinism are examples of recessive genetic disorders. 

 Tay-Sachs disease is another example of a recessive genetic disorder. 

 (a) Explain the meaning of the term recessive genetic disorder.

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Tay-Sachs disease is caused by a gene mutation that results in the build up of lipid 

in the brain. It is hoped that gene therapy will be able to treat this disease in the 

future.

 Sheep can also suffer from Tay-Sachs disease. Investigations have found that 

gene therapy increases the life span of these animals.

 Suggest how these gene therapy investigations could have been carried out

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BIOLOGY:

- Blankets the investigation of all the living creatures and their collaborations into the biosphere.

Additionally, research the natural elements that encompass the living creatures; and, by method for moderation, it looks for more viable approaches to comprehend the varieties or new states of the environment that can debilitate the presence of living creatures on our planet.
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