John thought that there was a difference in breathing when lying down compared
with when sitting on a chair.
He decided to test this, using traces from a spirometer.
(a) Describe how he could use data from spirometer traces to compare breathing
when lying down and when sitting on a chair.
_
State two variables which need to be controlled to provide valid spirometer
traces.
_
Earthworms are animals that improve the quality of soil needed for plant growth.
Farmers often plough the soil before planting crops in a field.
A farmer wanted to investigate the effect of ploughing on the presence of
earthworms. He used different methods to plough two fields (field A and field B),
next to each other. These fields were then left for one month.
The farmer then randomly placed quadrats (0.5 m × 0.5 m) in field A. In each quadrat
he poured a weak detergent solution onto the soil. He then counted the number of
earthworms that came to the surface in each quadrat.
He repeated this process in field B.
A copy of the farmer’s raw results is shown below:
Field A: 10, 4, 13, 9, 9, 3, 8, 5, 4
Field B: 15, 6, 12, 0, 3, 8, 9, 10, 7, 4, 6
(a) Write a suitable null hypothesis for this investigation.
_
Plants can be grown in glasshouses, using hydroponics. Hydroponics is a method of
growing plants that replaces soil with solutions containing mineral ions.
Plan an investigation to find the optimum concentration of magnesium ions in the
mineral ion solution used to grow the plants.
Your answer should give details under the following headings.
(a) A consideration of whether there are any safety or ethical issues you would need
to consider.
_
Suggestions for preliminary work that you might undertake to ensure your
proposed method would provide meaningful data.
_
BIOLOGY:
- Blankets the investigation of all the living creatures and their collaborations into the biosphere.
Additionally, research the natural elements that encompass the living creatures; and, by method for moderation, it looks for more viable approaches to comprehend the varieties or new states of the environment that can debilitate the presence of living creatures on our planet.
_
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